August 25, 2022

My Ubuntu Command Cheatsheet

tutorial

This is a simple Ubuntu command cheatsheet for myself.

GPU

Use NVIDIA System Management Interface (nvidia-smi):

$ nvidia-smi
Thu Jun 22 11:28:07 2023       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 525.116.04   Driver Version: 525.116.04   CUDA Version: 12.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce ...  On   | 00000000:67:00.0 Off |                  Off |
|  0%   48C    P8    29W / 450W |   3997MiB / 24564MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0   N/A  N/A     43171      C   python3                          3994MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Check GPU usage using nvtop: install the package using sudo apt install nvtop and then run nvtop

File System

ps means process status:
- -u: list all processes by user name:
- -e: view all the running processes
- -f: view full-format listing
```
  ps -u hjwang
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
  3558 ?        00:00:02 sshd
  3559 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
  ...
  22112 ?        01:17:52 python
```
|: pipe a command that lets you use two or more commands such that output of one command serves as input to the next. grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression.

ps -ef | grep python can be use to show all running processes with python.
kill PID: terminate a process using its ID: kill 22112 (gracefully) or kill -9 22112 (forcefully and immediately)
du -sh *: list the sizes of all files and sub-folders.
tree: print the directory tree in terminal: install using sudo apt-get install tree

OS

Show OS version: lsb_release -a

Python

Change pip source:

https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple

pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
Writing to /home/sedy/.config/pip/pip.conf

VPN

Get link from https://airtcp6.com/

mkdir clash
cd clash
wget https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/download/v1.18.0/clash-linux-amd64-v1.18.0.gz
gzip -d clash-linux-amd64-v1.18.0.gz
mv clash-linux-amd64-v1.18.0 clash
chmod +x clash
wget -O config.yaml https://airchats.xyz/link/lFHIZsFzkBaBHlap?clash=1
./clash -d .

SFTP

https://linuxhint.com/setup-sftp-server-ubuntu/

sudo apt install ssh
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

add the following to the end of the file:

Match group sftp
ChrootDirectory /home
X11Forwarding no
AllowTcpForwarding no
ForceCommand internal-sftp

restart, add group, add/modify user, change permission

sudo systemctl restart ssh
sudo addgroup sftp
sudo useradd -m new_user_john -g sftp
sudo passwd new_user_john
sudo usermod -a -G sftp existing_user_tom
sudo chmod 700 /home/new_user_john
sudo chmod 700 /home/existing_user_tom/

Use FileZilla to connect.

PS. The featured image for this post is generated using Stable Diffusion, whose full parameters with model link can be found at Takin.AI.